When electron transfer is reduced ( by a high membrane potential or respiratory inhibitors such as antimycin A ), Complex III may leak electrons to molecular oxygen, resulting in superoxide formation.
2.
Like other walnuts, the roots, innerbark, nut husks, and leaves contain a nontoxic chemical called hydrojuglone, when exposed to air or soil compounds it is oxidized into juglone which is biologically active and acts as a respiratory inhibitor to some plants.
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